Calcium and beta receptor antagonist overdose: a review and update of pharmacological principles and management.

Severe Overdose of Calcium Channel Blocker and Successful Management: A Literature Review and Case Report

Lipid Rescue Therapy and High-Dose insulin Euglycemic Therapy are Effective for Severe Refractory Calcium Channel Blocker Overdose: Case Report and Review of Literature

Background: High-Dose Insulin Euglycemic Therapy (HIET) and Lipid Rescue Therapy (LRT) are new alternative treatments for acute poisoning with calcium channel blockers. In this report a severely poisoned patient with verapamil and furosemide who was successfully treated with these two treatments is presented. Case report: A 27-year-old woman was brought to “Mother Theresa” Clinical Center in Sk...

Bench-to-bedside review: Hyperinsulinaemia/euglycaemia therapy in the management of overdose of calcium-channel blockers

Hyperinsulinaemia/euglycaemia therapy (HIET) consists of the infusion of high-dose regular insulin (usually 0.5 to 1 IU/kg per hour) combined with glucose to maintain euglycaemia. HIET has been proposed as an adjunctive approach in the management of overdose of calcium-channel blockers (CCBs). Indeed, experimental data and clinical experience, although limited, suggest that it could be superior...

Successful treatment of severe atenolol overdose with calcium chloride.

Atenolol, a selective beta(1)-adrenergic antagonist, is commonly used to treat hypertension, ischemic heart disease and cardiac dysrhythmias. Few cases of severe atenolol intoxication have been described, and only one of these reports discussed the use of calcium chloride as a treatment. We present a case of atenolol overdose associated with shock and first-degree heart block, in which administ...

Calcium channel antagonist and beta-blocker overdose: antidotes and adjunct therapies.

Management of cardiovascular instability resulting from calcium channel antagonist (CCB) or beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist (BB) poisoning follows similar principles. Significant myocardial depression, bradycardia and hypotension result in both cases. CCBs can also produce vasodilatory shock. Additionally, CCBs, such as verapamil and diltiazem, are commonly ingested in sustained-release for...